This paper discusses the interest of skeletal muscle loading for muscle repair and regeneration. Skeletal muscle loading changes its regenerative capacity. The need to more precisely define aspects of skeletal muscle regeneration. This paper is a narrative review discussing mechanisms of muscle injury, repair and regeneration. Mechanisms of muscle injury, repair, and regeneration. Motor unit and muscle activity in voluntary motor control. The human myotendinous junction: an ultrastructural and 3D analysis study. Structural changes at the myogenic cell surface during the formation of myotendinous junctions. Skeletal Muscle Structure, Function, and Plasticity: The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009). Muscle strain injuries: clinical and basic aspects. Another challenge is the prevention of muscle injury owing to the multifactorial and complex nature of this injury. One challenge of muscle injury management is that numerous medical treatment options, such as medications and injections, are often used or proposed to try to accelerate muscle recovery despite very limited efficacy evidence. The management of muscle injury has changed within the past 5 years from initial rest, immobilization and (over)protection to early activation and progressive loading using an active approach. Imaging may be indicated to eliminate differential diagnoses. The diagnosis of muscle injury is based on patient history and physical examination. At a microscopic level, muscle fibres can repair focal damage but must be completely regenerated after full myofibre necrosis. Traumatic muscle injury can affect people across the lifespan and can result from high stresses and strains to skeletal muscle tissue, often due to muscle activation while the muscle is lengthening, resulting in indirect and non-contact muscle injuries (strains or ruptures), or from external impact, resulting in direct muscle injuries (contusion or laceration). Traumatic muscle injury represents a collection of skeletal muscle pathologies caused by trauma to the muscle tissue and is defined as damage to the muscle tissue that can result in a functional deficit.
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